JEE Main Syllabus 2025 – Out!

Motion in a plane, projectile motion, uniform circular motion

The potential energy of spring conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and neoconservative forces; Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

• Electric charges: Conservation of charge. Coulomb’s law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole. Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.

• Electric flux: Gauss’s law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; Equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field.

• Conductors and insulators: Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, the combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates. Energy stored in a capacitor.

Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field: Moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.

Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances. Magnetic susceptibility and permeability. Hysteresis. Electromagnets and permanent magnets.

Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’ principle. Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young’s double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster’s law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.

• Vernier calipers -its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel. 
• Screw gauge-its use to determine the thickness/ diameter of thin sheet/wire.
• Simple pendulum-dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time. 
• Metre scale – the mass of a given object by the principle of moments.
• Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
• Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents, 
• Co-efficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring the terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
• Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube, 
• Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
• The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm’s law.
• Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method. 
• The focal length of (i) Convex mirror (ii) Concave mirror and (iii)Convex lens, using the parallax method. 
• The plot of the angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism. 
• The refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope
• Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias. 
• Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse breakdown voltage.
• Identification of diode, LED, resistor, a capacitor from a mixed collection of such items

Ionic Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy. Covalent Bonding: Concept of electronegativity. Fajan’s rule, dipole moment: Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR ) theory and shapes of simple molecules. Quantum mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond theory – its important features, the concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals; Resonance. Molecular Orbital Theory – Its important features. LCAOs, types of molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, the concept of bond order, bond length, and bond energy. Elementary idea of metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications

General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group. Groupwise study of the p – block elements (Group -13)

Preparation, properties, and uses of boron and aluminum; Structure, properties, and uses of borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminum chloride, and alums. (Group -14)

The tendency for catenation; Structure, properties, and uses of Allotropes and oxides of carbon, silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites, and silicones. (Group -15)

Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotrophic forms of phosphorus; Preparation, properties, structure, and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine, and phosphorus halides, (PCl3. PCl5); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen and phosphorus. (Group -16)

Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of ozone: Allotropic forms of sulphur; Preparation, properties, structures, and uses of sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); Structures of oxoacids of sulphur. (Group-17)

Preparation, properties, and uses of hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and oxoacids of halogens. (Group-18)

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties of the first-row transition elements – physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties, and uses of K2Cr2O7, and KMnO4.

Inner Transition Elements

Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction.

Actinoids – Electronic configuration and oxidation states.

Qualitative analysis – Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens.

Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) – Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae: Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis

Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)

Covalent bond fission – Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations, and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles, and nucleophiles.

Electronic displacement in a covalent bond – Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, and hyperconjugation.

Common types of organic reactions- Substitution, addition, elimination, and rearrangement.

Alkanes – Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane): Mechanism of halogenation of alkanes.

Alkenes – Geometrical isomerism: Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide effect): Ozonolysis and polymerization.
Alkynes – Acidic character: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides: Polymerization.

Aromatic hydrocarbons – Nomenclature, benzene – structure and aromaticity: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration.

Friedel – Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in monosubstituted benzene.

Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons, and DDT.

Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols: mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation. nitration and sulphonation. Reimer – Tiemann reaction.

Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as – Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of HCN. NH3, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation: reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen); the acidity of a-hydrogen. aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction. Haloform reaction, Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones. Carboxylic Acids Acidic strength and factors affecting it

Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, and identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character.

Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

Straight line

Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines, conditions for concurrence of three lines, the distance of a point form a line, equations of internal and external by sectors of angles between two lines co-ordinate of the centroid, orthocentre, and circumcentre of a triangle, equation of the family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines.

Circle, conic sections

A standard form of equations of a circle, the general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and central, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent, sections of conics, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for Y = mx +c to be a tangent and point (s) of tangency

Note: Candidates are advised to bring their art supplies for the Drawing Test. This includes pencils, a geometry box, crayons, and coloured pencils. The drawing will be conducted on a drawing sheet.

General knowledge questions and knowledge about prominent cities, development issues, government 1 programs, etc.

Nationalism in India, pre-modern world, 19th-century global economy, colonialism and colonial cities, industrialization, resources and development, types of resources, agriculture, water, mineral resources, industries, national economy, human settlements, power-sharing, federalism, political parties, democracy, the Constitution of India, economic development, economic sectors, globalization, 2 the concept of development, poverty, population structure, social exclusion and inequality, urbanization, rural development, colonial cities 3

Comprehension (unseen passage), map reading skills (scale, distance, direction, area, etc.), critical reasoning, understanding of charts, graphs, and tables, basic concepts of statistics and quantitative reasoning